https://www.chemisgroup.us/journals/archive-of-biochemistry A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 20 Sep, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-8-111.php Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in the nervous system capable of breaking down acetylcholine (ACh). ACh is a critical neurotransmitter that signals between nerve cells and muscles. Organophosphates (OPs), used as insecticides and nerve agents, irreversibly inhibit AChE by forming a covalent bond with the enzyme’s active site. Since exposure to these nerve agents can quickly lead to death, many researchers have strived to sdiscover new drugs that will reverse the inhibition of AChE by such agents. The goal was to develop a high-throughput miniaturized assay for testing large numbers of compounds for AChE reactivation quickly and reliably. Here, we describe our miniaturized assay that utilises the sarin surrogate nitrophenyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (NIMP) in an Amplex Red coupled assay and its validation with 42 compounds selected from an in silico virtual screen. 20 Dec, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-7-110.php Despite the efforts of scientists, the problems of premature ageing, as well as diseases such as cancer, diabetes, herpes zoster, osteoporosis, and others remain unresolved. Guanidine compounds have a strong effect on these processes. We have proposed the mechano-chemiosmotic model, where the electron transfer in the ETC, a cyclic low-amplitude swelling shrinkage of mitochondria, and ATP synthesis are coupled. According to the mechano-chemiosmotic mechanism, energy transformation both in the synthesis of ATP and in the hydrolysis of ATP in the muscles occurs with the direct participation of amino acid residues of arginine and lysine. In addition, arginine and lysine are involved in many processes in the cell metabolism. We believe that ageing begins with a decrease in arginine synthesis due to mitochondrial dysfunction associated with low mobility. It is necessary to maintain the arginine content in the organism by taking it exogenously, and the lysine content of an essential amino acid must be constantly replenished. 23 Nov, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-7-109.php Serum albumin has been known for its function as a carrier protein. Recently there have been several studies that reflect the potential role of serum albumin as an extracellular chaperone. Depletion of serum albumin from the plasma has been linked to impaired cognitive function and the potential risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Being irreversible in nature, neurodegenerative diseases pose a serious health risk to society. Analyzing the nature of the insult and deficiency in extracellular proteostasis that could predispose the extracellular environment to these misfolding and aggregation-related disorders is very significant. Being a major protein in the plasma, serum albumin holds great potential to serve as an extracellular chaperone. 19 Sep, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-7-108.php Following the different kinds of treatment of Preeclampsia (PE) that have challenged clinical regimens, it seems expedient to find ways of preventing PE. Cortisol might be the best factor and marker to provide the baseline information, hence the focus. The aim was to determine cortisol levels in preeclampsia. STROBE consensus checklist was utilized for this case-control study. Clinical information on 125 subjects (50 controls, 30 PE, 50 pregnant normotensive; with 5 lost by attrition) was obtained after ethical consideration (MS-Et/M.3 – P.3.2/2013 – 2014) and informed consent. Full blood count, lipid profile, and cortisol levels were analyzed after venipuncture and blood processing from subjects. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze data. The mean cortisol level in PE was 149.37ng/mL and this was statistically significant when compared with non-pregnant normotensive (controls) only (p = 0.004); and likewise, with both pregnant normotensive and controls (p = 0.008). During cortisol stratification, the odds ratio between PE and controls was 0.0927 (p = 0.0001) while the odds between pregnant normotensives and controls was 0.0374 (p < 0.0001). A significant finding was seen between cortisol levels and lesser gestational weeks. The fewer the weeks of gestation, the higher the cortisol level of the preeclamptic patient. 24 Jun, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-6-107.php Fröhlich theory of coherent excitations in biological systems is analyzed. L-lactate dehydrogenase kinetics is studied using the activation process model for non-equilibrium cases. The model explains the process of energy accumulation necessary for carrying out catalytic reactions in a living cell by means of interaction of quantum subsystems with thermal equilibrium radiation, light, and radiation energy of metabolic processes occurring in the cell. It is shown that lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+ in three ways, that is, three reactions occur simultaneously. Negative information entropy for the reactions under consideration is calculated. Its absolute value is equal to that of information entropy of the elementary activation act. This fact ensures the principle of stable non-equilibrium and indicates the reaction under consideration belongs to a living cell. 12 Dec, 2022 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-5-106.php It was found that the pyruvate decarboxylation reaction (PDR) plays a key role in post-photosynthetic metabolism, and PDR products are structural units involved in the synthesis of almost all its metabolites [1,2]. 30 Apr, 2022 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-5-105.php The fungus Rhizopus microsporus, known for its absorption capacity for toxic metals was used to understand the green metal recovery via analysis of its physiology under metal stress conditions through proteomic methods. To investigate the effects of copper stress on fungus, R. microsporus IOC 4686, isolated from the mine environment, was exposed to copper ions (50mgL-1) for 48 h. This study was performed only on copper exposure. Tryptic and chymotryptic extracts of proteins were analyzed by nano- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, identification was performed by PEAKS Studio 8.5. Proteins were classified according to their molecular function and biological process. Enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and cytochrome c peroxidase were found in the presence and absence of copper ions. However, only in presence of copper ions, was observed the presence of heat shock proteins (HPS 20, HPS 70, and HPS 78) and metalloproteins (GrpE protein homolog and cytochrome P450). These classes of proteins have been produced by cells in response to stress conditions. The control group (absence of copper ions) also presented antioxidant enzymes suggesting that the fungus isolated from the mine environment already has adapted to the copper. The presence of these proteins suggested a physiological response of R. microsporus IOC 4686 to oxidative stress induced by copper. 22 Jun, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-3-104.php In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. Universally a biomarker is anything that can be used as an indicator of a particular disease state or some other physiological state of an organism. 04 Sep, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/AB-1-101.php In the context of environmental pollution, it is of prime importance to study the organism’s overall response to harmful environments. This could be carried out if there were suitable dynamic variables, describing the state of a living system. In this respect, a new approach to life phenomena is needed because in phenomenological aspect, the biological objects in their entirety could be not adequately described in the terms of other science fields.