https://www.chemisgroup.us/journals/international-journal-of-nanomaterials-nanotechnology-and-nanomedicine A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 30 Jan, 2026 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-12-174.php Nanoscale TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, causing damage to biological systems and polymers. To mitigate associated health risks in cosmetic applications, TiO2 core-shell materials were synthesized. This study describes the fabrication of TiO2@SiO2 core-shell materials utilizing a chemical deposition technique with nanoscale TiO2 and sodium silicate (Na2SiO2) as precursors. The outcomes demonstrated that the morphology, configuration, and light-interacting properties of the surface-coated SiO2 shell are governed by the solution's pH value. Under alkaline conditions, it can obtain a uniform and dense continuous SiO2 shell layer, which not only improves the whiteness and brightness of TiO2 but also reduces oil absorption. The TiO2@SiO2-10 sample exhibited a sun protection factor (SPF) of 41 ± 2, suggesting potential for cosmetic-grade UV filters. Process simplicity further supports practical applicability. 08 Jan, 2026 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-12-173.php The microbiome–imaging axis, or radio microbiomics, is an emerging field that combines medical imaging with gut microbiome analysis to map how the gut communicates with distant organs, particularly the brain. While traditional research often focuses on simple correlations, this framework uses structural and functional imaging to visualize the actual physical impact of gut dysbiosis on host tissue. This review explores how microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, act as molecular messengers that trigger changes in brain connectivity, cortical thickness, and liver fat deposition. We examine the clinical utility of these findings as non-invasive biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and NAFLD. Additionally, we discuss the development of pathogen-specific PET tracers that allow doctors to see active infections directly, rather than just the body’s inflammatory response. 27 Jun, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-11-172.php In recent years, there has been a significant shift in consumer preferences towards natural and organic skincare products, driven by a growing awareness of the potential side effects of synthetic ingredients. This trend has led to the rise of herbal exfoliating creams, which harness the power of botanical extracts to provide gentle yet effective exfoliation. These creams often incorporate a blend of herbs, essential oils, and natural exfoliants, such as sugar or ground seeds, to remove dead skin cells while nourishing the skin. The appeal of herbal exfoliating creams lies not only in their efficacy but also in their alignment with holistic wellness practices. Consumers are increasingly seeking products that promote skin health without compromising environmental sustainability. Herbal ingredients, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, contribute to a more balanced and radiant complexion, making these creams suitable for a variety of skin types. Moreover, the rise of herbal exfoliating creams reflects a broader cultural movement towards self-care and mindfulness in beauty routines. As individuals become more conscious of the ingredients they apply to their skin, brands are responding by formulating products that prioritize transparency and natural sourcing. This paper explores the factors driving the popularity of herbal exfoliating creams, their benefits compared to traditional exfoliants, and the implications for the future of the skincare industry as it embraces a more nature-centric approach. 24 Jun, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-11-171.php Introduction: Herbal cosmetics are gaining popularity due to their minimal side effects and natural origin. Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi) is a well-known medicinal plant with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study focuses on formulating an exfoliating cream with ajwain powder as the key active ingredient, aiming to provide gentle exfoliation while promoting skin health. Methodology: The exfoliating cream was formulated using ajwain seed powder, a suitable cream base, natural exfoliants, and stabilizers. Multiple batches were prepared with varying concentrations of ajwain to determine the optimal formulation. The evaluation parameters included organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, washability, grittiness, stability studies, and microbial load testing. In-vitro antimicrobial activity and skin irritation tests were also conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of the formulation. Results & discussion: The optimized formulation exhibited acceptable pH of 5.8 to 6.2, good spreadability, effective exfoliating action, and excellent washability. No grittiness or phase separation were observed. The cream demonstrated mild antimicrobial activity, particularly against common skin pathogens, attributed to ajwain’s active constituents like thymol. Stability studies over 4 weeks confirmed the product’s physical and chemical stability. The formulation was non-irritant as per skin patch tests, supporting its dermatological safety profile. Conclusion: The study successfully demonstrated that ajwain can be effectively incorporated into an exfoliating cream formulation. The final product showed desirable cosmetic properties, acceptable safety profile, and potential therapeutic benefits, making it a promising candidate in the herbal skincare market. 03 Mar, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-11-170.php In this work Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF)-loaded and DMF-unloaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed and characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). In vitro release assay was also performed, and DMF was quantified by GC-MS. SLNs were prepared by a two-step methodology using hot nanoemulsification followed by ultrasound irradiation. The results of the mean diameter, the polydispersity, and the zeta potential were in the range of 157 to 525 nm, 0.20 to 0.6, and -30 to -7mV, respectively. SLNs with spherical and elliptical shapes were evidenced by AFM and SEM techniques. XRD and DSC analyses revealed a strong interaction among the SLN components and a significant loss of crystallinity of the set of these components in the structured SLNs. Encapsulation efficiency up to 99% and loading capacity dependent on the O/S ratio has been achieved. The in vitro release of DMF was also dependent on the O/S ratio and could be analyzed by first-order kinetics. 08 Feb, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-11-169.php The necessity to investigate alternative energy sources with substantial potential has been highlighted by the world's dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. Prioritizing sustainable energy solutions is imperative in light of the current energy dilemma, which is made worse by a growing population and depleting fossil fuel supplies. Recent decades have seen significant advancements in biofuels, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and biohydrogen. These biofuels, which are made from inexpensive, renewable resources including plant, microbial, and algae biomass, present a hopeful future. Governments throughout the world, including India, are working to increase their capacity to produce renewable energy. The biggest obstacles to the broad use of biofuels, however, continue to be their expensive production costs and the labor-intensive procedures required. The unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as high surface area, catalytic activity, and tunable electronic characteristics, enable breakthroughs in energy conversion processes. With its distinct benefits for the production of biofuel, nanotechnology has become a game-changing solution. Nanomaterials' unique structural characteristics and nanoscale size have greatly increased the efficiency of biofuels and accelerated the transformation of waste into energy. This paper examines the latest developments in the application of different nanoparticles, the difficulties in doing so, and the potential of nanotechnology in the manufacture of biofuels in the future. 18 Jan, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-11-168.php In this study, hydrochar and pyrochar were made from cellulose, lignin (components of biomass), and corn husk (a type of biomass) through hydrothermal carbonization at 300 ℃ and pyrolysis at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃. Their physiochemical properties and Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption performances were then compared. Additionally, characteristics of hydrochar and pyrochar generated by each process were analyzed, including char generation yield, proximate & ultimate analysis, specific surface area (BET surface area) & porosity analysis, SEM & EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope & Energy Dispersive Spectrometer), FT-IR, pHpzc, and so on. The pyrochar generated at the same temperature (300 ℃) had higher char generation yield, ash content, and oxygen content with more oxygen functional groups than hydrochar. However, pyrochar had a lower specific surface area and pore volume than hypercar. By type of biomass, lignin showed the highest char generation yield. Regarding pHpzc, corn husk had the highest value, followed by lignin and cellulose. Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption characteristics in hydrochar and pyrochar were more suitable for the Langmuir adsorption model. It was found that the Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption amount (116.8 mg/g) was the highest in PC-CH-500, which had high pHpzc and inorganic content. As a result, electrostatic adsorption and cation exchange were the main mechanisms of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption under the condition of pH solution < pHpzc. 31 Dec, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-167.php In the present study, attention has been focused on the preparation of nanoxylan from wheat straw, and a simple and scale-up method for the synthesis of high-purity nanoxylan from wheat straw was presented. This preparation method was performed in a series of steps including alkaline peroxide extraction, ethanol precipitation, and freeze-drying. These steps ensure high purity and yield of nanoxylan under controllable and cost-effective conditions. The particle diameters of the prepared nanoxylan ranged from 30 nm to 90 nm with more than 90% xylose content and a weight-average molecular weight of 15,000–30,000 g/mol. Such unique properties as high dispersibility and solubility provide nanoxylan with huge potential applications in food packaging, biomedicine, agriculture, and so on. 30 Sep, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-166.php The conducted studies have shown that no optimal and effective solution would ensure reliable operation throughout the entire service life of tank structures. The search for effective and innovative technical solutions in this area is a pressing issue. The study aims to determine an effective material for providing secondary protection of a reinforced concrete structure to increase the operational characteristics of tank structures. The conducted experimental studies have shown the possibility of using a polymer sheet with anchor ribs as protection for a reinforced concrete structure. Protection of reinforced concrete structures remains a key aspect of the design and operation of facilities exposed to aggressive media. The conducted studies have shown that there is no optimal and effective solution providing reliable operation during the whole service life of capacitive structures. Search for effective and innovative technical solutions in this area is an urgent task. The research aims to determine an effective material for secondary protection of reinforced concrete structures to increase the operational characteristics of capacitive structures. The performed experimental studies showed the possibility of using polymer sheets with anchor ribs as protection for reinforced concrete structures. The article discusses the use of polymer sheets with rail-shaped anchor ribs for protection of the inner surface of reinforced concrete engineering structures from aggressive influence. 07 Sep, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-165.php This study investigated factors influencing the flowability of zeolite using three types of commercial zeolites with low flowability – Zeolite-beta, Zeolite-Y, and ZSM-5 - and manufactured a device applying piezoelectric energy to measure their apparent density. Zeolite properties such as flow function (FF) and cohesion by Powder Rheometer, elemental analysis by XRF, specific surface area, pore characteristics, and shape of zeolite particles by FE-SEM, average particle size and size distribution by particle size analyzer were analyzed. Low flowability zeolite could pass through a mesh hole moved by piezoelectric energy. The apparent density measured by the device applying piezoelectric energy was found to be more uniform with a smaller standard deviation than existing density measurement equipment. 26 Jul, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-164.php The study explored the mechanical and electrical behavior of niobium-doped Cu-3Ti-2Si-1.5Ni alloys by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), micro-Vickers hardness, and electrical conductivity tests. The stir-casted alloys underwent solution treatment at 900 °C/5 h and cooled in air. Results showed that niobium additions led to significant improvements in the properties of the parent alloy. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, and electrical conductivity reached maximum values of 528 MPa, 437 MPa, 358 HV, and 58.5 %IACS, respectively, at 1.1 wt% Nb addition. The enhancements were attributed to increased precipitation of second phases and refined grain structure. However, the percentage elongation decreased with niobium addition. These findings demonstrate that Cu-3Ti-2Si-1.5Ni alloys with niobium nanopowder exhibit a promising balance of mechanical and electrical performances, making them suitable for advanced engineering applications. 18 Jul, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-163.php Aim & objective: This study aims to explore the multifaceted applications of nanomaterials and assess their potential advantages and disadvantages. Understanding the different physicochemical properties of nanomaterials & excipients. Method: This study reviews current literature and research findings to compile a comprehensive overview of nanomaterials. Key aspects covered include synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and notable applications in different industries. The review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with nanomaterials, highlighting their potential benefits and challenges. Advantages & disadvantages: Nanomaterials offer numerous advantages such as enhanced mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, which make them suitable for developing advanced technologies. However, challenges include concerns over their potential environmental and health impacts, as well as the scalability of production processes from laboratory to industrial scales. Additionally, the high cost of synthesis and regulatory uncertainties pose hurdles to widespread adoption. Conclusion: In conclusion, nanomaterials present a paradigm shift in materials science and engineering with vast potential to address pressing global challenges. Their unique properties enable innovative solutions across various sectors, promising significant advancements in healthcare, electronics, energy, and environmental sustainability. However, realizing these benefits requires continued research to mitigate risks and optimize their applications. Establishing robust regulatory frameworks and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations are essential to harnessing the full potential of nanomaterials while ensuring their safe and sustainable integration into society. 11 Jul, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-162.php The research work is devoted to the acquisition of nanocapsules, which are one of the drug delivery systems, and their morphological analysis. In modern times, the development of new drug delivery systems from natural raw materials in the treatment and prevention of diseases of various origins is considered a priority issue of pharmacy. From this point of view, the preparation and analysis of nanocapsules based on the extract from the studied deer antlers is of great importance. As a result of the morphological analysis of nanocapsules prepared from deer antlers grown in the climatic conditions of Azerbaijan, carrageenan-coated nanocapsules have sizes 118.3-243.6 nm in SEM, 10-248 nm in TEM, and tragacanth-coated nanocapsules have sizes 33.15-224.1 nm in SEM, TEM was determined to be 15-254 nm. During numerous studies, it was determined that nanocapsules prepared with tracagant proved to be more intense and more stable. Researches were carried out in the pharmaceutical technology laboratory of Azerbaijan Medical University and AHTARC (DAYTAM) of Atatürk University of the Republic of Turkey. As a result of the conducted research, it was clear that the use of nanocapsules developed by an effective technological method from deer antlers, which has sufficient raw material reserves in Azerbaijan, is considered appropriate for future treatment of diseases in oncology, infertility, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular, and nervous system. 10 Jul, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-161.php This study investigates how the introduction of cerium and silicon influences the structure and mechanical characteristics of Cu-30%Zn alloy. The examined properties included tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance. The tensile strength of the developed alloys was determined using an automated JPL tensile strength tester (Model: 130812) with a capacity of 100 kilonewtons, following the ASTM D638 standard. The impact strength was assessed by the ASTM D256 standard using a pendulum impact testing machine (Model: U1820). Additionally, hardness testing was conducted using a Brinell tester. The Brinell hardness test was performed with a portable dynamic hardness tester (Model: DHT-6) by the British Standard (BS EN ISO 6505-1:2014). Specimens were prepared by incorporating cerium and silicon into the Cu-30%Zn alloy at concentrations of 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 3.0wt% 5.0wt% ranging from 0.1% to 5.0%, with increments of 0.2% for micro addition and 2.0% for macro addition. Microstructural analysis was performed using an L2003A reflected light metallurgical microscope. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were also utilized to characterize the cast specimens. The findings revealed a proportional increase in tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness strength with the rise in dopant concentrations up to 3.0wt% for cerium and silicon. Also, the analysis uncovered the presence of. primary α-phase, β-phase (intermetallic phases), and fine stable phase. These phase modifications contributed to the enhancement of mechanical properties. Cu-30wt%Zn enriched with 3.0% cerium and silicon demonstrated heightened tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness, making it a recommended choice for engineering applications. 28 Jun, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-160.php Electrospinning is an easy and simple process for the preparation of ultrafine fibers with tunable morphology. Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) are engineering polymers with an elastomeric nature that can be processed as thermoplastics. They can be classified based on their chemical structure and polyester-based TPEs are counted as high-performance materials due to their mechanical properties and can be used for various applications from automotive, construction, furniture, and consumer goods. In this study, electrospun polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer fibers were prepared and characterized. Thermoplastic polyester elastomer, Hytrel 4056 was used as the polymer, and chloroform was used as a solvent. The effects of polymer: solvent weight ratio, feed rate, applied voltage, and collector type were investigated in terms of fiber formation and morphology. For this aim, the polymer: solvent weight ratio was varied as 1:7, 1:11, and 1:15; the feed rate was set to 1 and 3 ml h-1. To collect the fibers metal plate and water bath collectors were used at a constant needle-to-collector distance under 10, 15, and 20 kV. The viscosity of the polymer solutions was measured as a function of the polymer: solvent ratio to observe the effects of viscosity on fiber morphology. 12 Jun, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-159.php The work is aimed at creating new, more effective drugs containing succinic acid. For this purpose, a methodology has been developed for transferring the active substance to a nano-sized state, in which the acid, due to an increase in its outer surface, is in the form of clusters, which, upon contact with the mucous membrane, can be more easily absorbed by the body. A complex of physicochemical methods was used to study the effect of immobilization of Succinic Acid (SA) on the surface of hydrophilic, hydrophobic silica and their mixtures on the existing specific surface area and the state of the adsorption layer. It has been shown that during the joint mechanical grinding of crystalline succinic acid with silicas, composite systems are formed in which it is uniformly distributed in the interparticle gaps of silicas and is in the form of nanosized predominantly amorphous clusters. For silicas and their mixtures, the signal of acid crystallites is also fixed on the X-ray diffraction patterns. Additional mechanical treatment of composites with water practically does not change the ratio of amorphous and crystalline components of succinic acid in the surface layer, which indicates its poor solubility in clustered water. This is also confirmed by liquid NMR data, according to which there is no signal from the methylene groups of succinic acid in the spectra. All composites, regardless of the content of SA, treatment with water, and the ratio of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, retain a high adsorption capacity with respect to nitrogen. The BET-specific surface of the composites remains at the level of 150 - 200 m2/g. Hydrated forms of hydrophobic silica AM-1 retain the ability to interact with non-polar substances. Using chloroform as an example, it was shown that even at h = 1 g/g, chloroform displaces part of the water from the interparticle space, which manifests itself in a decrease in the interfacial energy of water due to the formation of surface water clusters with a large radius. The hydrophobic silica surface stabilizes the weakly associated form of water, the amount of which can reach 20 mg/g. 11 May, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-158.php Microspheres are free-flowing powders having a synthetic and natural polymer. A targeted drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. This is a biodegradable and non-biodegradable efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches to delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One approach is a scaffold-based microsphere for drug delivery, where the target site is very specific if modified, and the proper concentration is maintained at the site of interest without causing toxic effects. Microspheres received much attention not only for control release but also in drug targeting for example in anticancer therapy. Moreover, the joining of medications (i.e., incendiary inhibitors and additionally anti-microbial) into platforms might be utilized to forestall contamination after medical procedures and other infections for the longer term. The framework additionally can be utilized to give sufficient signs to the cells, to initiate and keep them in their coveted separation organization, and to keep up their survival and development. The present survey gives an itemized record of the requirement for the advancement of frameworks alongside the materials utilized and systems embraced to fabricate platforms for tissue designing and delay. The present review gives a detailed account of the need for the development of scaffolds along with the materials used and techniques adopted to manufacture scaffolds for tissue engineering and microspheres for drug delivery systems. 19 Mar, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-157.php Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles (SFNs) have become a reliable and effective biomaterial for nanoencapsulation in several fields such as food, biocosmetics, and medical products due to their physicochemical characteristics. Recently, it has also been developed for application in biomaterials and regenerative medicine, also for cellular nanoencapsulation, and drug delivery systems. Silk fibroin is a natural biomaterial relatively not expensive, biocompatible, eco-friendly, and non-toxic FDA-approved protein derived from the Bombyx mori silkworm cocoon. Fibroin has recently been investigated in the drug field carrier for controlled release. Their application has also become widespread in regenerating therapy as a support for regenerating tissues, as well as in nanomedicine. Furthermore, SFNs have been studied as a carrier for single bioactive molecules such as resveratrol, quercetin, or curcumin for volatile compounds, and for vegetal oils in the form of emulsions. The nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds in a biopolymer of silk fibroin can be efficiently protected from harmful environmental agents like light, oxygen, or water. The present review reveals that silk fibroin nanoparticles constitute a useful biomaterial to protect, stabilize, and deliver bioactive components. This is a promising combination in safety food, biocosmetic products, nanomedicine, and healthcare. 15 Mar, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-156.php The main objective of this research is to study the grain refinement and improved trend in mechanical properties of brass (Cu-20wt%Zn) doped with tin. Tin was added in concentrations of (x: 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1wt%). The alloy samples were produced by permanent die casting and machined to the required dimensions for the structural analysis and mechanical tests. Mechanical properties studied were percentage elongation, ultimate tensile strength, and Brinell hardness using a 100KN JPL tensile strength tester (Model: 130812) and portable dynamic hardness testing machine (Model: DHT-6) respectively. The structural analysis was conducted using an optical metallurgical microscope (Model: L2003A) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS. The results of the structural analysis showed that the control specimen consisted predominantly of coarse α-phase of zinc in copper (Cu3Zn). The samples doped with tin consisted of refined α-grains with patches of the second phase (Cu8Sn5). Mechanical test results indicated that the addition of tin to alpha brass improved the ultimate tensile strength and hardness with a slight decline in percentage elongation. The values recorded for ultimate tensile strength and Brinell hardness were 322MPa and 176HB respectively. 15 Mar, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-10-155.php In this study, hydrogen [H2(g)] production from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) using cobalt (Co) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated with a hydrolysis process. Optimum experimental conditions were examined at different hydrolysis times (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 min), at different hydrolysis temperatures (25, 35, 45, and 65oC), and at increasing Co NPs nanocatalyst concentrations (5, 15 and 30 mg/l) at pH = 13.0, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed for characterization studies. H2(g) measurements were made in gaschromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The maximum 81% H2(g) yield was observed before the hydrolysis process after 90 min, at pH = 13.0, at 25 oC. The maximum H2(g) yields were recorded as 98% after 45 min hydrolysis times at 45 oC, at a pH of 13.0. 99% H2(g) yields were found after 14 min hydrolysis times, at pH a pH of 13.0 at 65 oC. The maximum NaBH4 concentration and using Co NPs concentrations were kept constant at 300 mg/l and 1.5 mg/l, respectively. 07 Nov, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-9-154.php In this research, controlled synthesis and properties of micro/nano-sized magnetic oxide powders via a polyol process are discussed. They are the original magnetic oxides that have been studied by many scholars because of their many applications. The most special forms are the diversity of FeO and Fe2O3, and the diversity of the Fe3O4 matrix which are the most important original structures with formulas to be FeO.Fe2O3 (Fe3O4) and Fe2O3 can be oxide systems of FexOy that are very common and different. On the basis of the original structures, we can synthesize the most special forms of ferrite and hexaferrite related to the four original structures, which are AB2O4-spinel-type SrFe2O4 and BaFe2O4 ferrites (M: metal elements, Sr, Ba; B: Fe), PbFe11AlO19-type MX12O19 (M: metal elements, Sr, Ba; X: Fe) SrFe12O19 and BaFe12O19 by polyol processes and technologies. We understand that elements that form original structures are incorporated into Fe3O4 to form ferrite and hexaferrite structures, typically such as SrFe12O19 by liquid-, solid- and gas-based phase chemical reactions via the polyol processes and heat treatment processes. In the future, we suggest that the original oxide structure and formula of natural minerals can be used as the new magnetic structures and compounds. 15 Sep, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-9-153.php Introduction: Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown significant progress in various fields. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. This field has the potential to revolutionize industries such as electronics, medicine, energy, and materials science. Nanotechnology has led to the development of smaller and more efficient devices in electronics. Nanoscale transistors and memory chips have increased computing power and storage capacity. Additionally, nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene have shown promise in creating flexible and transparent electronics. Method and materials: In medicine, nanotechnology has opened new possibilities for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Nanoparticles can be designed to specifically target cancer cells, delivering drugs directly to the affected area while minimizing side effects. Nano-sensors can also be used for early detection of diseases and monitoring of patient health. Energy is another area where nanotechnology has made significant advancements. Nanomaterials such as quantum dots and nanowires have improved the efficiency of solar cells, making them more cost-effective and sustainable. Nanotechnology also plays a role in energy storage, with the development of high-capacity batteries and supercapacitors. Materials science has also benefited from nanotechnology. Nanocomposites, which are materials with nanoscale fillers, have enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. These materials find applications in the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. Conclusion: Overall, recent advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for exciting possibilities in various fields. Continued research and development in this area hold the potential for further breakthroughs and advancements in the future. 15 Jul, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-9-152.php Biofouling of the hulls of ships and vessels, caused by the colonization of animals and plants, is an ongoing problem for the shipping industry. Biofouling evokes surface roughness, which results in higher fuel consumption, emissions, and operating costs. Mitigation of biofouling is a complex problem and the effectiveness of any given approach depends on many factors. Compared to complex anti-fouling technologies, the use of anti-fouling coatings presents the most viable solution, both in terms of cost and efficiency. Nevertheless, due to the modest performance of most modern antifouling hull coatings, frequent maintenance, and dry-docking intervals are still required. In addition, application costs are often not negligible. New antifouling technologies, such as low-drag antifouling paints with broad spectrum activity are urgently required in order to promote smoothness of the surface as well as provide adequate protection against biofilm formation. The development of innovative nanocomposite coating structures which combine low-drag film surfaces with antimicrobial components within water-soluble matrices may be a drastic solution to the above problem. Moreover, applying such structures directly on the hulls of ships and marine vessels without the use of primers is a long-awaited possibility, which could have a tremendous impact on reducing application costs. 23 Jun, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-9-151.php In this concept paper, new layered materials, such as multilayer hybrid systems, are described. These materials can be implemented into novel biomimetic devices, which can act as artificial photosystems or as “artificial thylakoid membranes” e.g. for the splitting of water. The architecture can be based on active nanoparticles or small catalytic clusters which can be synthesized from robust, inexpensive, and abundant material precursors. These multi-layered architectures can act as “artificial thylakoid membranes”, which can mimic the photosynthetic apparatus on the nanoscale. The development of “artificial thylakoid membranes” and tandem devices promises a strong impact and benefits for the field of artificial photosynthesis and the development of artificial leaves. 29 Apr, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-9-150.php The Archimedean solid (5, 6, 6), where regular pentagon, hexagon and hexagon surround each vertex, so altogether 60 vertices (with carbon atoms for C60 fullerene). 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons bound this football polyhedron, as a regular (say white) icosahedron truncated by 12 (black) pentagons at its 12 vertices. 28 Feb, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-9-149.php Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) are generally assumed to be biologically inert, presenting chemical stability and low toxicity, and they can be hybridized with cellulosic matrixes aiming for biological applications (e.g. nanozymes). Two hydrothermal coprecipitation methods were applied, aiming to produce 2 different size Iron oxide nanoclusters, using ferric chloride and ferrous chloride, as well as nitrocellulose and cellulosic residues for the hybrids. The obtained materials were tested for catalytic effect in comparison and in synergy with catalase-positive P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis bacterial strains. The catalytic effect was observed for all obtained materials and microorganisms, Due to the bivalent and trivalent iron molecules distributed along IONP cubic crystalline inverse spinel structures. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of IONP-and hybrids was higher in synergy with S. aureus in comparison with the results obtained by the microorganism alone, for instance, the best enzymatic efficiency for O2 release from hydrogen peroxide among the tested microorganisms. However, no significant difference was observed for most of the obtained materials alone. On the other hand, IONPs may help microorganisms as mimetic catalytic enzymes, when applied in synergy whit them. 06 Aug, 2022 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-8-148.php Nanoscale materials are unique materials with outstanding properties when compared to their bulk counterparts hence their exploration, fabrication and applications have gained remarkable attention in various fields of human endeavors such as environment, medicine, and engineering, amongst others. 19 Jul, 2022 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-8-147.php In this paper, we propose a convenient methodology for fabricating a generic structure toward developing a robust, easy-to-clean transparent coating with inherent antibacterial properties for smooth, non-absorbent surfaces, such as glass and plastics. A two-step coating comprising an organopolysilazane primer and an alkoxysilane topcoat, based on positively charged quaternary ammonium silanes, is proposed. The topcoat is co-condensed with the primer to provide a hybrid structure with high wear strength even on surfaces that lack surface hydroxyl groups. Surfaces examined included glass and PMMA. The coated samples were studied in terms of abrasion resistance as well as anti-soiling and antimicrobial performance. It was found that the quaternary silane compound could covalently graft onto the primer acting both as an antibacterial, anti fungicidal, and hydrophobizing agent. The utility of amphoteric surfactants within the coating’s solution was also examined. The resulting structure was transparent and exhibited pronounced self-disinfecting properties with remarkable sustainability. These attributes suggested a dual functionality of the coating, i.e., both anti-soiling and antimicrobial, thus rendering it a potential candidate for numerous industrial and commercial applications. 17 Aug, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-146.php Phytophthora parasitica is a devastating plant pathogen that has a wide host range. As a new approach, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were assessed to control it. Previously AgNPs were shown to inhibit mycelial growth, zoospore production and germination, and germ tube elongation. However, the mechanism(s) of bioactivity of AgNPs on changes in metabolic patterns in P. parasitica has not been completely resolved. P. parasitica was exposed to AgNPs at several time points, RNA-Sequences were extracted, and then selected key genes in several of the pathways were verified for the level of expression using qRT-PCR. For RNA-Seq, the reads were mapped to the P. parasitica genome INRA 310.3. Principle component analysis illustrated low variation among biological replicates and emphasized the reproducibility of results. In this paper, seven candidate genes identified by RNA-Seq were evaluated for their expression using qRT-PCR. Interestingly, qRT-PCR confirmed that the genes that were significantly altered were found to be involved in major cellular pathways such as glutathione metabolism and ribosome biogenesis. qRT-PCR also revealed heat shock protein, ABC transporter, and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) genes were significantly affected. These genes are related to oxidative stress. Expression of GST and heat-shock protein significantly increased at 1 hr post-exposure to AgNPs, indicating a rapid response. The analysis based on qRT-PCR makes it evident that key genes involved in many major pathways were significantly altered on exposure to AgNPs. 03 Jul, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-145.php Electrochemical biosensor is a detection method which combines bioscience and electronic detection technology. In comparison to conventional inspection methods, electrochemical biosensors provided with relatively high sensitivity, enhanced specificity, and non-invasive detection methods for biomolecules [1]. In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, new nanomaterials with immense potential are constantly emerging. Nanomaterials with different sizes, shapes, chemical components and unique properties have been adopted for different kinds of biosensing applications, playing an increasingly important role in the development of biosensors [2]. 18 May, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-144.php This letter gives a credit to a pioneering paper by A. M. Nesterenko, et al. (Izvestia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Met. 1982, [in Russian]) that is almost unknown to scientific community. On the basis of Transmission Electron Microscopy images and X-ray Ray Diffraction patterns of “carbon multi-layer tubular crystals” the authors suggested a model of nanotube structure formation and hypothesis on various chirality of carbon nanotubes. 31 Mar, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-143.php In the paper, why New Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) should belong to a class of protein nanoparticle and possessed ultra-small size and super-penetration capability, as well as effect of the COVID-19 characteristic on follows phenomena were discussed. (1) The difference existed on toxicity, transmission speed and diffusion range of the COVID-19 and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars) virus. (2) The different time interval between COVID-19 infection and discover existed in different person. (3) The different time interval in "new crown virus infection", "asymptomatic infection", "suspected case" and "re-infection" produced existed in different person. (4) The different time interval from COVID-19 infection to produce SARS‑CoV‑2 disease existed in different person. The improve methods and suggestion for avoiding and preventing COVID-19 infection and treating SARS‑CoV‑2 were proposed. 30 Mar, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-142.php Indigoids represent a family of environmentally friendly organic semiconductor materials. In this study, we aim to fine-tune the optoelectronic properties and semiconductor performance of indigoids by careful choice of the functional groups. We used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to predict the electron transport behavior of indigoids by calculating their electronic properties. The time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method was employed to explore the absorption spectra properties of indigo and indigoid molecules. To improve the performance of organic semiconductors, we modeled indigoids on borophene cluster. Using TD-DFT method, the absorption properties were predicted. The maximum absorption for the complex corresponding to the transition between Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) showed a charge transfer transition as the electron density of the HOMO is located on the borophene and that of the LUMO on indigo and indigoids. The presence of charge transfer peaks of the absorption spectrum, the indigo and indigoids@B36 complexes were found as suitable for optoelectronic devices. 25 Feb, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-141.php The term nanotechnology refers to material processing on the atomic or molecular scale, especially for the construction of microscopic level devices with the ability to calculate, function, and organize. The microscopic level typically refers to the size range of 1–100 nm. We opt to review the application of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine for this specific article and highlight their functions in animal health and production improvement. Nanotechnology plays a key role in veterinary medicine and other areas of animal production and also plays a significant role in the treatment of diseases through the development of a system for the delivery of smart medicines. Nanotechnology has revolutionized virtually all veterinary medicine and animal science disciplines these days by offering new, small-scale devices and materials that are beneficial to living organisms. Nanoparticles used for disease detection, treatment, delivery of medications, animal breeding, and reproduction include quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, nanopores, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoshells, fullerenes, liposomes, and dendrimers. While nanotechnology is regarded as one of the foremost technologies already applied in diverse subjects, its application in veterinary science is still in its infancy stages when compared to other sister disciplines. 19 Jan, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-140.php There are approximately 18 million cancer cases have been observed per year worldwide according to Global cancer therapy (GLOBOCAN). Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have been mostly used for cancer therapy. The maximum tolerated dose is currently being used to cure patients. The incorporated advancement of modern nanoparticle-based techniques will be important to find one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. The Gold Nanoparticle (GNP) based systems are very helpful to further improve chemotherapy by controlled releases of chemotherapeutics, but local radiotherapy dose can be improved through targeting the GNPs to the tumor. Over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products have been authorized for clinical use in the past two decades. The main purpose of this review article is to understand how we can accelerate the clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic system to reduce normal tissue toxicity while increasing the worth of the treatment. Nanomedicines will change future cancer treatment methods in a better way that has minimum side effects. 18 Jan, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-139.php 12 Jan, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-138.php Recently, sensors that use the phenomenon of plasmon resonance have been widely used [1]. In this case, biosensors are of particular interest [2]. The plasmon resonance method is attractive in that it has a sufficiently high sensitivity to changes in concentration (the most widespread use) of the medium under study (analyte). But this method can be no less attractive for research other properties. For example, the effects of temperature during laser irradiation. In such sensors, on the one hand, the temperature can significantly affect the frequency position of the plasmon resonance, which cannot be ignored. On the other hand, the "temperature effect" itself can be the basis for measuring physical quantities that are sensitive to temperature. 09 Jan, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-7-137.php In cancer, there is uncontrolled cell division, which results in invasion and metastasis. Carcinomas are a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Recently, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the primary treatment measures that are being used to destroy cancer cells. However, these modalities kill normal cells of the body, along with the destruction of cancer cells. This non-specific action is harmful to the whole body, which results in the loss of hairs, anemia, and weakness in the body. Pathological features of tumors and their abnormal neo-angiogenesis also reduce the efficiency of conventional cancer treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered outstanding cancer-targeting vehicles due to their small size, ability to load various drugs and large surface area, and increased absorption of conjugates. They are designed and developed to take advantage of a malignant tumor's morphology and characteristics, benefits of leaky tumor vasculature, specific cell surface antigen expression, and rapid proliferation. The recent nanoscale vehicles include liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanoshells; lipid-based NPs have been used as conjugates. 24 Aug, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-6-136.php Here, our research on effect of increasing different concentrations (0, 4Mm hos/cm, 8Mm hos/cm and 12Mm hos/cm) of salt (Na2SO4) on plant growth ,and yield parameters of Brassica juncea (var. Goldi). After plant growth with salt treatment, identify the number of leaf with untreated plant. Here our experiment was completely randomize design with three replicates. After randomely selected plants start the process of observation of number of stomata in mature leaves on both sides (abaxial and adaxial) at 65 & 75 (DAS). Here, in our experiment determine the number of stomata due to different concentrations of salt (Na2SO4) as compared to control. However, at the maximum concentrations i.e (8Mm hos/cm and 12Mm hos/cm) of salt , stomata become close as compared with control and low level treatment (4Mm hos/cm) . On the other hand after the plant growth, next step of our experiment observation of the yield parameters of Brassica juncea (var. Goldi) at 120 DAS. The strongest reduction of yield parameters was observed in the 12Mm hos/cm treatment. Our result suggested that, due to salinity level stomata become destroy without show any damage on physiological characters. 14 Jul, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-6-135.php Experiments with the transverse Doppler effect have demonstrated that the wavelength of light increases with the speed of the source relative to the observer. The relativity principle implies that such a change cannot be detected by in situ measurements and this prediction has been verified by wavelength determinations carried out with a cavity resonator over an extended period of time during which the orbital speed of the Earth changes significantly. On this basis it can be concluded that the dimensions of the cavity resonator increase in direct proportion to the Doppler wavelength, and thus that isotropic length expansion occurs with relativistic time dilation, not the anisotropic Fitzgerald-Lorentz length contraction predicted by the special theory of relativity. The failure of the Lorentz space-time transformation to anticipate the length expansion effect is discussed and an alternative set of equations is introduced to eliminate the experimental contradiction in the existing theory. 03 Feb, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-6-134.php When it comes to application of specific material properties, high accuracy and minimal rework of nano-metal components are the key elements for a sucessful process. The parts can be either produced by Laser melting, or by metal injection moulding, depending on the volumes oft he desired applications. These nanostructured materials are possible to produce on different material basis, however titanium is preferred. Both options are usable for medical parts. The technology is defined by the numbers of pieces which need to be produced. 03 Feb, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-6-133.php The present work reports the ultrasound assisted synthesis of nanosized oxide semiconductors, as TiO2 (anatase) and Bi2O3 (α-phase)/mesoporous carbon stable architectures exhibiting high photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants degradation. The use of ordered mesoporous carbon with a pore diameter around 5nm and high specific surface area of 1392m2/g was a successful one, providing an ideal support for semiconductor oxide photocatalysts. Thus, by using ultrasound assisted method the photoactive systems for organics removal from waste waters has been obtained. 22 Jan, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-6-132.php A novel hemicellulose-based magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized with modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles using H2O2-Vc as a green initiator system. The nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and VSM, and the swelling properties of the hydrogels were also studied. The result demonstrated that the nanocomposite hydrogels had excellent pH sensitivity and magnetic property. 28 Dec, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-5-131.php Stable silver Nanoparticles in solutions of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) were synthesized, and their structure and physico-chemical properties were studied. The form and sizes of silver nanoparticles formed in solutions of CMC and cotton fabrics were studied using UV-VIS spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods. It was found that the silver nitrate concentration increase in sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions, as well as photoirradiation of the hydrogel lead to the changes of the silver nanoparticles size and shape. Investigations have shown that spherical silver nanoparticles with sizes of 5-35nm and content of 0.0086 mass% in cotton fabrics possess high bactericidal activity. Stabilization of silver nanoparticles has preserved bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities during the washing of cotton fabrics and textiles on their base. 31 Oct, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-5-130.php Background: In the application of Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT), sterilized maggots (Lucilia cuprina) by standard chemicals were used. Recent potential demands for using a procedure with allnatural products, raw honey has been proposed as a natural sterilization technique to replace the chemical products. 22 Jul, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-5-129.php It is an aromatic plant. Plants have served human kind as sources of medicinal agents since its earliest beginnings. In fact natural product once served as the source of all drugs. The main chemical constituents of Tulsi are: Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Eugenol, Carvacrol, Linalool, and β-caryophyllene, have been used extensively for many years in food products, perfumery, and dental and oral products and plant extract continues the numerous searches for more effective drugs of plant origin which are less toxic and available for low socio-economic population in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. 27 Feb, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-5-128.php Near-infrared fl uorescence immunoassay has been widely studied in the bio analytical fi eld. This review mainly introduces the basic principles of near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared detection technology, and summarizes the properties, characteristics and recent improvement of optical properties and signal intensity of three near-infrared fl uorescence probes (i.e. organic fl uorophores, quantum dots and rare earth compounds). We describe the applications of near-infrared fl uorescence technology in immunoassay, and prospect the application potential of lateral fl ow assay (LFA) based on this probe in the rapid detection of pathogens. Our team intends to establish a new platform which has highly sensitive near-infrared fl uorescence probes (NIFPs) combined with portable and simple immunochromatographic test strips (ICTSs) for rapid detection of food borne viruses. This will provide technical support for a rapid detection on the port. Practical applications The applications of near-infrared fl uorescence probes (NIFPs) in immunological analysis and clinically important biomarkers were also elaborated. Moreover, NIFPs-based immunoassay adaptable for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens was also forecasted. In 2017, our team has developed an approach for detecting pathogens such as Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Listeria monocytogenes by near-infrared immunoassay. 03 Nov, 2018 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-4-127.php Nowadays, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has been developed as the most emerging branch in the fi eld of pharmacy. “Nanotechnology refers to the nanosize formulation. These nanoformulations may be used in treatment of various life-threading diseases like cancer. 17 Oct, 2018 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-4-126.php Nanostructured cellulose has received tremendous attention due to its inherent unique properties such as high strength, high surface area, flexible surface chemistry, abundant and renewable. The early polymers industry was nearly completely bio-based and cellulose was one of the most important materials. It has only been the Second World War that changed things and propelled petroleum, as the main source material. Due to global awareness on the use of more green products, cellulose offers an alternative to petroleum-based products. This paper presents the general overview of nanocellulose starting from its cellulose structure and properties to preparation of nanocellulose, properties and its potential application. 17 Oct, 2018 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-4-125.php The main aim of the present study was to synthesize Guar gum grafted poly acrylic acid (Gg-g-PAA) superabsorbent polymer (SAP) hydrogel via free radical emulsifier-free emulsion graft polymerization technique using microwave irradiation. The so prepared superabsorbent polymer hydrogel was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The properties like swelling ability and biodegradability were also studied which has a profound influence in agriculture, biomedicine, pharmaceutics, etc. The SAP may potentially be used for the fast release of medicine in high pH environment. It also may have found its application and sustainability in the removal of heavy metal ions from the waste water through adsorption leading to water remediation. 29 Jan, 2018 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-4-124.php In this work, we present an in silico study of the dynamic behavior of a carbon nanotorus during the localized breaking of the C-C bonds in its atomic network. It is shown that the unfolding of a carbon nanotorus is accompanied by the appearance of deformation waves running along the atomic network of the carbon structure. We estimate energy stability of a carbon nanotorus under deformations using the original method for calculating the local stresses of an atomic network 08 Jan, 2018 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-4-123.php Sintering process has strong effect on the active surface area and catalytically active sites involved the catalyst. This process has two mechanisms depending on the thermal diffusion of the constituents of catalysts. 31 Aug, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-3-122.php In this review paper, we report on some very recent fi ndings dealt with the oil-in-water Pickering emulsions, stabilized by a strong adsorption of charged solid nanoparticles on the surface of the oildroplets. Here, we are concerned with three important questions: (1) Structure and thermodynamics of these emulsions, 19 Jun, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-3-121.php Rice straw is available in abundance as an agricultural waste and has been used in various applications. 10 Jun, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-3-120.php In this work we describe fabrication, characterization and possible application of FITC (fl uorescine isothiocyanate) conjugated magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications such as imaging of cancer cells. 04 Apr, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-3-119.php Different polymerization techniques as particle formation processes for ciprofl oxacin-loaded poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (CfH-PBCN) were evaluated to choose the most appropriate in terms of the resulting nanoparticles characteristics suitable for parenteral administration. 06 Mar, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/IJNNN-3-118.php Among the nanomaterial being applied for treatment and diagnosis fi eld, magnetic NPs especially magnetite phase of iron oxide have been signifi cantly interested due to their natural magnetic properties. 31 Jan, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-3-117.php According to a unique nano-confi nement effect of entropic origin, predicted by us several years ago for the equilibrium state of chemical reactions, ... 28 Jan, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-3-116.php Curcumin, a useful herbal medicine with anti-infl ammatory and anti-cancer properties is insoluble in water which restricts its therapeutic properties; 20 Jan, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-3-115.php Monodisperse water-stable silica functionalization of upconversion nanoparticles are important for their applications in bio-imaging and bio-sensing. 11 Jan, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-3-114.php Large variety of structure and chemical-composition of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is explained from a quantum-chemical standpoint. 11 Jan, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-3-113.php Chitosan (CS) as a biodegradable polymer with unique bio-attachment properties that makes it favorable to be used in biomedical applications. Insolubility in water is the problem with use of CS. 28 Dec, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-112.php The rapid growth of pharmaceutical industries worldwide demands continuous development of efficient analytical techniques that help not only to detect the presence of the molecules at extremely low concentration levels, but also to detect the structure. 17 Dec, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-111.php In the present study, multi wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were chemically functionalized by concentrated nitric acid refluxing for 8 hours to form acid functionalized CNTs (FCNTs). Fourier transformed infrared spectra reveal the formation of carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups on the surface of chemically treated CNTs. 13 Oct, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-110.php Future electronics technology is expected to develop from rigid to flexible devices, which requires breakthroughs in materials' properties, especially flexibility, in combination with desirable electrical insulating, semiconducting and metallic properties 04 May, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-109.php It is well established that synthetic peptides containing a centrally positioned Type-I or Type-II β-turn can form well folded peptide hairpins (1). Earlier studies from this laboratory have established that D-Pro-Xxx segments nucleate β-hairpin structures, with formation of a central Type-II β-turn (2). 07 Jan, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-108.php Central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to various kinds of physical, chemical, metabolic or age-related insults leading to neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases either caused by aging or following trauma to the CNS results in misery for large number of people across the Globe involving high social costs for them to maintain a good life [1]. 06 Jan, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-107.php This paper provides an insight of some of the growing number of nano-applications being researched and commercialized in nutraceuticals. Recently, number of applications in dairy and food processing, preservation, packaging and development of functional foods have become based on nanotechnology. Several critical challenges, including discovering of beneficial compounds, establishing optimal intake levels, developing adequate food delivering matrix and product formulation including the safety of the products need to be addressed. 05 Jan, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-2-106.php Nanoconfined synthesized crystalline fullerene mesoporous carbon (C60-FMC) with bimodal pore architectures of 4.95 nm and 10-15 nm pore sizes characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and solid-state NMR, and the material was used for protein immobilization. The solid-state 13C NMR spectrum of C60-FMC along with XRD, BET and TEM confirms the formation of fullerene mesoporous carbon structure C60-FMC. 16 Jun, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-1-105.php Solar cells or photovoltaic (PV) cells involve the direct conversion of light energy into electrical energy. PV cells are basically p-n junctions made from layers of semiconducting materials. 11 May, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-1-104.php To investigate the electrochemical performance of MO (M=Co, Fe, Ni) nanostructures on lithium insertion and extraction, size-controlled LiF-MO nanocomposite thin-film electrodes, consisting of metallic M and M oxide (MO) nanoparticles in an amorphous, inert LiF matrix, were designed and fabricated using a RF sputtering system with metallic M and LiF mixture targets. The structural and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite thin-film electrodes were characterized using TEM, SAED, XRD, XPS, and electrochemical measurements. 06 May, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-1-103.php Molecular self-assembly is a key function in biology and has been developed as an elegant technique for fabrication of various complex structures and functional materials. Key importance for structural formation in terms of self-assembly is molecular recognition pertaining to intermolecular weak interactions such as hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, p-p stacking, electrostatic forces and dipole-dipole interactions etc. 13 Apr, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-1-102.php Introduction: Professional workers that manufacture or use titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based paints are exposed to potentially toxic TiO2 nanomaterials as well as to different paint solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In this context, we evaluate the combined cytotoxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and DMSO on HepG2 human hepatocytes. 21 Mar, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/Nanomaterials-Nanotechnology-Nanomedicine/IJNNN-1-101.php A biosensor is an element employed for the detection of an analyte by combining a biological component with a physico-chemical detector component.